Rescue of the skeletal phenotype of vitamin D receptor-ablated mice...
- PubMed - NCBI
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplyChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
):4982-7.Rescue of the skeletal phenotype of vitamin D receptor-ablated mice in the setting of normal mineral ion homeostasis: formal histomorphometric and biomechanical analyses.1, , , , , , .1Department of Trauma Surgery, Hamburg University School of Medicine, Germany.Abstract1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been shown to play an important role in vitro in regulating osteoblast gene transcription and promoting osteoclast differentiation. To address the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in skeletal homeostasis, formal histomorphometric analyses were performed in VDR null mice in the setting of impaired mineral ion homeostasis as well as in VDR null mice in whom normal mineral ion homeostasis had been preserved. In hypocalcemic VDR null mice, there was an increase in bone volume as a result of a dramatic increase in osteoid. There was also an increase in the number of osteoblasts without a significant change in the number of osteoclasts. Examination of the growth plate revealed marked disorganization, with an increase in vascularity and matrix. Biomechanical parameters demonstrated increased bone fragility in the hypocalcemic VDR null mice. In the VDR ablated mice in whom normal mineral ion homeostasis had been preserved, none of these measurements was significantly different from those in wild-type littermates raised under identical conditions. Notably, the morphology and width of the growth plate were indistinguishable from those in wild-type controls, demonstrating that a calcium/phosphorus/lactose-enriched diet started at 16 days of age in the VDR null mice permits the development of both normal morphology in the growth cartilage and adjacent metaphysis and normal biomechanical competence of cortical bone. Thus, the principle action of the VDR in skeletal growth, maturation, and remodeling is its role in intestinal calcium absorption. The skeletal consequences of VDR ablation are a result of impaired intestinal calcium absorption and/or the resultant secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Publication TypesMeSH TermsSubstancesGrant SupportFull Text SourcesOther Literature SourcesMedicalMolecular Biology DatabasesResearch MaterialsMiscellaneous
Supplemental Content
External link. Please review our .Neuora-P Time-Release Vitamin D for Chronic Back and Skeletal Muscular Pain
<area shape="rect" coords="10,599,82,628"Morpholinos and their peptide conjugates: therapeutic promise and c...
- PubMed - NCBI
The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function.
FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplyChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
(12):. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.. Epub
2010 Feb 17.Morpholinos and their peptide conjugates: therapeutic promise and challenge for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.1, .1College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. hong.moulton@oregonstate.eduAbstractExon-skipping efficacies of phosphodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) or the conjugates of PMOs with cell-penetrating peptides (PPMOs) have been tested in various animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), including mdx mice, utrophin-dystrophin double-knockout mice, and CXMD dogs, as well as in DMD patients in clinical trials. The studies have shown that PMOs can diffuse into leaky muscle cells, modify splicing of DMD transcripts, induce expression of partially functional dystrophin, and improve function of some skeletal muscles. PMOs are non-toxic, with a report of mdx mice tolerating a 3g/kg dose, and no drug-related safety issue in human has been reported. However, because of their poor cell uptake and rapid renal clearance, large and frequently repeated doses of PMOs are likely required for functional benefit in some skeletal muscles of DMD patients. In addition, PMOs do not enter cardiomyocytes sufficiently to relieve heart pathology, the efficacy of delivery to various muscles varies greatly, and delivery across the tissue of each skeletal muscle tissue is patchy. PPMOs enter cells at far lower doses, enter cardiomyocytes in useful quantities, and deliver more evenly to myocytes both when different muscles are compared and when assessed at the level of single muscle tissue sections. Compared to PMOs, far lower doses of PPMOs can restore dystrophin sufficiently to reduce disease pathology, increase skeletal and cardiac muscle functions, and prolong survival of animals. The biggest challenge for PPMO is determining safe and effective doses. The toxicity of PPMOs will require caution when moving into the clinic. The first PPMO-based DMD drug is currently in preclinical development for DMD patients who can benefit from skipping exon 50.Copyright (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Free full textMeSH TermsSubstancesFull Text SourcesOther Literature SourcesMedical
Supplemental Content
External link. Please review our .