耳朵嗡嗡响只是上火？不一定！这几种耳鸣很危险！
如果平时有高血压的人，突然觉得耳鸣严重频繁繁盛，就得警惕了，耳鸣其实就是报警，这可能是血管发生了一些病变，比如血管硬化，心脏搏动加速。什么样的耳鸣算是报警呢？短期内频繁耳鸣，持续时间长。这时候有些人的情况已经相当危险了，如果不及时治疗可能有发生脑溢血等症状发生，所以高血压患者如果突然耳鸣严重最好去医院检查一下。4、单侧耳鸣要注意经常单侧耳鸣同时伴有面部僵硬或者三叉神经麻痹，这时候最好到医院查一下，要小心听神经瘤、脑膜瘤经常单侧耳鸣并且伴随呼吸吞咽有“克搭”声，这种情况严重了还伴有痛痒，如果持续时间超过1个星期，要特别注意耳朵自身的病变。5、耳鸣时候掏耳朵会好一些？耳鸣时掏耳朵一般不提倡。耳鸣的时候掏耳朵是一种主观想缓解耳鸣的手段，但是俗话说“耳不掏不聋，眼不揉不花”，还是有一定道理的，如果掏耳朵不当可能会损伤外耳道甚至鼓膜，而且耳汀也就是耳道的分泌物有保护耳朵的作用，淘得太干净也没有好处。耳鸣不能忽视 耳鸣的危害有那些？1、听力下降：很多耳鸣患者都会出现听力下降的现象，表现为在于他人交谈沟通的时候常常听不清除。2、影响正常的睡眠：耳鸣特别是在晚上安静的时候更明显，使患者难以入睡或是浅睡。因为半夜醒来后，耳鸣还会一直响个不停，所以常使人烦躁不安，辗转难眠。3、影响家庭生活：因为耳鸣而长期需要治疗，带来经济损失甚至导致巨大经济压力。如果不被家庭成员所理解，就会影响家庭和谐。4、影响正常的工作：因为听不清别人的讲话，而且自己忍受着耳鸣带来的巨大痛苦，却常常不能被人理解，所以工作效率下降，对工作和学习有很大的影响。
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耳鸣维基百科的解释收藏
#春节表情包#
Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present. While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, hiss or roaring. Rarely, unclear voices or music are heard. The sound may be soft or loud, low pitched or high pitched and appear to be coming from one ear or both. Most of the time, it comes on gradually. In some people, the sound causes depression, anxiety or interferes with concentration.耳鸣是听觉的声音在没有外部声音。虽然通常被称为响,它也可能听起来像一个点击,嘶嘶声或咆哮。很少,不清楚的声音或音乐听到。可能是软或高的声音,低或高把,似乎来自一只耳朵或两者兼而有之。大多数时候,它是逐渐产生的。在某些人身上,声音引起抑郁、焦虑或干扰浓度。Tinnitus is not a disease but a symptom that can result from a number of underlying causes. One of the most common causes is noise-induced hearing loss. Other causes include: ear infections, disease of the heart or blood vessels, Ménière's disease, brain tumors, emotional stress, exposure to certain medications, a previous head injury, and earwax. It is more common in those with depression.The diagnosis of tinnitus is usually based on the person's description. A number of questionnaires exist that assess how much tinnitus is interfering with a person's life. The diagnosis is commonly assisted with an audiogram and neurological exam. If certain problems are found, medical imaging, such as with MRI, may be performed. Other tests are suitable when tinnitus occurs with the same rhythm as the heartbeat. Occasionally, the sound may be heard by someone else using a stethoscope, in which case it is known as objective tinnitus.Prevention involves avoiding loud noise. If there is an underlying cause, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, typically, management involves talk therapy. Sound generators or hearing aids may help some. As of 2013, there are no effective medications. It is common, affecting about 10-15% of people. Most, however, tolerate it well with its being a significant problem in only 1–2% of people. The word tinnitus is from the Latin tinnīre which means &to ring&.　　耳鸣症状不是疾病,而是所造成的根本原因。最常见的原因之一是噪音性听力丧失。其他原因包括:耳部感染、心脏和血管的疾病,梅尼埃病(又名内耳眩晕病,脑肿瘤,情绪压力,接触某些药物,前一个头部受伤,耳垢。在抑郁症更常见。　　　　耳鸣的诊断通常是基于人的描述。许多问卷存在评估多少耳鸣干扰一个人的生活。诊断通常是辅助考试听力图和神经系统。如果找到某些问题,医疗成像和核磁共振等,可能会被执行。其他测试合适的耳鸣发生时相同的节奏心跳。有时候,可能会被别人听到声音使用听诊器,在这种情况下,它被称为客观的耳鸣。　　　　预防是避免噪音。如果有一个根本原因,治疗可能导致改进。否则,一般来说,管理包括谈话治疗。声音发电机或助听器可以帮助一些。在2013年,没有有效的药物。是很常见的,影响到大约10 - 15%的人。然而,大多数容忍它与作为一个重要的问题在只有1 - 2%的人。“耳鸣”这个词来自拉丁语tinnīre这意味着“环”。
Tinnitus can be perceived in one or both ears or in the head. Tinnitus is the description of a noise inside a person’s head in the absence of auditory stimulation. The noise can be described in many different ways but the most common description of the tinnitus is a pure tone sound. It is usually described as a ringing noise but, in some patients, it takes the form of a high-pitched whining, electric buzzing, hissing, humming, tinging or whistling sound or as ticking, clicking, roaring, &crickets& or &tree frogs& or &locusts (cicadas)&, tunes, songs, beeping, sizzling, sounds that slightly resemble human voices or even a pure steady tone like that heard during a hearing test and, in some cases, pressure changes from the interior ear. It has also been described as a &whooshing& sound because of acute muscle spasms, as of wind or waves. Tinnitus can be intermittent or it can be continuous: in the latter case, it can be the cause of great distress. In some individuals, the intensity can be changed by shoulder, head, tongue, jaw or eye movements.Most people with tinnitus have some degree of hearing loss: they are often unable to clearly hear external sounds that occur within the same range of frequencies as their &phantom sounds&. This has led to the suggestion that one cause of tinnitus might be a homeostatic response of central dorsal cochlear nucleus auditory neurons that makes them hyperactive in compensation to auditory input loss.The sound perceived may range from a quiet background noise to one that can be heard even over loud external sounds. The specific type of tinnitus called pulsatile tinnitus is characterized by hearing the sounds of one's own pulse or muscle contractions, which is typically a result of sounds that have been created from the movement of muscles near to one's ear, changes within the canal of one's ear or issues related to blood flow of the neck or face.耳鸣可以在一个或两个耳朵或头部感知。耳鸣是指在没有听觉刺激的情况下，人的头部内的噪音的描述。噪声可以用许多不同的方式来描述，但最常见的耳鸣是纯音。它通常被描述为一个振铃噪声，但在一些患者中，它的形式是一个高音调的嗡嗡声，电，嘶嘶声，嗡嗡声，轻轻的或口哨声或滴答滴答，点击，咆哮，“蟋蟀”或“青蛙”或“蝗虫（蝉）”，曲调，歌曲，哔哔声，铁板，声音稍微像人的声音，甚至是一个纯粹的语气平稳，像听听力测试的过程中，在某些情况下，压力的变化，从内部的耳朵。它也被描述为一个“嘶嘶”的声音，因为急性肌肉痉挛，由于风或波浪。耳鸣可以是间歇性的，也可以是连续的：在后一种情况下，它可以是巨大的痛苦的原因。在一些人身上，肩膀、头部、舌头、下巴或眼球的运动会改变强度。大多数耳鸣患者有一定程度的听力丧失：他们常常不能清楚地听到与“幻影声音”在同一频率范围内发生的外部声音。这导致的建议，耳鸣的原因之一可能是一个稳态响应中央耳蜗背核神经元，使他们活跃在听觉输入的损失补偿。感知的声音可以从一个安静的背景噪音，甚至可以听到一个响亮的外部声音。耳鸣的具体类型为搏动性耳鸣的特点是听到自己的脉搏或肌肉收缩的声音，这是一个典型的结果，已经从附近的肌肉运动产生的声音的耳朵，人的耳朵或脖子或脸上的血流量相关问题的管内的变化。
CourseThere has been little research on the course of tinnitus and most research has been retrospective. An Australian study of participants aged 49–97 years found that 35% of participants reported that their tinnitus was present all the time and 4% rated their tinnitus as annoying. Findings from a retrospective National Study of Hearing found that, for 25% of people surveyed, the perceived volume of their tinnitus increased over time while, for 75%, it did not. The rate of annoyance decreased for 31% of people from onset of tinnitus to the middle time. A study of the natural history of tinnitus in older adults found that, for women, tinnitus increased for 25%, decreased in 58%, leaving 17% unchanged. The study found that, for men, tinnitus increased in 8%, decreased in 39%, leaving 53% unchanged. Information about the course of tinnitus would benefit from prospective studies investigating change over time as these studies may potentially be more accurate.PsychologicalPersistent tinnitus may cause irritability, fatigue and, on occasions, clinical depression and musical hallucinations.Tinnitus annoyance is more strongly associated with psychological condition than loudness or frequency range. Other psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and concentration difficulties are common in those with worse tinnitus. 45% of people with tinnitus have an anxiety disorder at some time in their life.As part of the idea that the central-auditory-system may be implicated into the tinnitus development, serotonin has also been implicated. Indeed, serotonin has been postulated to be involved in plastic changes in the brain. Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (such as some anti-depressant drugs) have often been used for this reason. However those medications do not benefit in a consistent fashion on non-depressant people.Psychological research has looked at the tinnitus distress reaction (TDR) to account for differences in tinnitus severity. Research has stigmatized people with severe tinnitus by implying they have personality disorders, such as neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and catastrophic thinking, which all predispose increased TDR. These findings suggest that at the initial perception of tinnitus, conditioning links tinnitus with negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety from unpleasant stimuli at the time. This enhances activity in the limbic system and autonomic nervous system, thus increasing tinnitus awareness and annoyance.课程几乎没有研究耳鸣的过程中，大多数研究已追溯。澳大利亚一项对49岁至97岁的参与者进行的研究发现，35%的参与者报告他们的耳鸣一直存在，4%的人认为耳鸣是恼人的。从回顾性全国听力研究发现，25%的受访者，他们的耳鸣的音量随着时间的推移而增加，而对于75%，它没有。31%的人从耳鸣发作到中间时间的烦恼率下降。一项对老年人耳鸣自然史的研究发现，女性耳鸣增加了25%，下降了58%，留下了17%不变。研究发现，男性耳鸣增加8%，下降39%，留下53%不变。耳鸣的过程中的信息将受益于前瞻性研究调查随着时间的推移变化，因为这些研究可能会更准确。心理持续耳鸣可能会导致烦躁，疲劳，有时，临床抑郁症和音乐幻觉。耳鸣烦恼更强烈地与心理状况比响度或频率范围。其他的心理问题，如抑郁，焦虑，睡眠障碍和集中的困难是常见的，在那些更严重的耳鸣。45%的耳鸣患者一生中有焦虑症。作为中央听觉系统可能被牵连到耳鸣发展的想法的一部分，血清素也被牵连。事实上，血清素被认为参与了大脑的可塑性改变。5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（如一些抗抑郁药）经常被用于这个原因。然而，这些药物不利于以一致的方式对非抑郁的人。心理学的研究已经看了耳鸣困扰的反应（TDR）占耳鸣严重程度的差异。研究已被严重耳鸣的人暗示他们有人格障碍，如神经质、焦虑敏感，和灾难性的思维，这都导致增加TDR。这些研究结果表明，在最初的看法耳鸣，空调链接耳鸣的负面情绪，如恐惧和焦虑不愉快的刺激。这提高了边缘系统和自主神经系统的活动，从而增加耳鸣意识和烦恼。
CausesThere are two types of tinnitus: subjective tinnitus and objective tinnitus. Tinnitus is usually subjective, meaning that others cannot hear it. Subjective tinnitus has been also called &tinnitus aurium& &nonauditory& and &nonvibratory& tinnitus. Occasionally, tinnitus may be heard by someone else using a stethoscope: in which case, it is objective tinnitus. Objective tinnitus has been called &pseudo-tinnitus& or &vibratory& tinnitus.Subjective tinnitusSubjective tinnitus is the most frequent type of tinnitus. It can have many possible causes but, most commonly, results from hearing loss. A frequent cause of subjective tinnitus is noise exposure which damages hair cells in the inner ear causing tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus can only be heard by the affected person and is caused by otology, neurology, infection or drugs.There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that tinnitus is a consequence of neuroplastic alterations in the central auditory pathway. These alterations are assumed to result from a disturbed sensory input, caused by hearing loss. Hearing loss could indeed cause a homeostatic response of neurons in the central auditory system, and therefore cause tinnitus.Despite the opinion amongst researchers that tinnitus is primarily a central nervous system pathology, there certainly exists a class of people whose tinnitus is peripherally based.Hearing loss原因耳鸣有两种类型：主观性耳鸣和客观耳鸣。耳鸣通常是主观的，也就是说其他人听不见。主观性耳鸣也被称为“耳鸣”“不闻”和“nonvibratory”耳鸣。偶尔，耳鸣可能被别人用听诊器听到的：在这种情况下，它是客观性耳鸣。客观耳鸣被称为“假性耳鸣”或“振动性耳鸣”。主观性耳鸣主观性耳鸣是最常见的耳鸣类型。它可以有许多可能的原因，但最常见的，听力损失的结果。主观耳鸣的常见原因是噪声暴露，损害内耳毛细胞引起耳鸣。主观性耳鸣只能由受影响的人听到的是由耳科、神经引起，感染或药物。有越来越多的证据表明，耳鸣是中枢听觉通路的神经可塑性变化的结果。这些变化被假定为导致从一个不安的感官输入，所造成的听力损失。听力损失确实会引发中枢听觉系统的稳态响应的神经元，从而引起耳鸣。尽管意见者，耳鸣主要是一种中枢神经系统病变，肯定存在一个类人的耳鸣是外周型。听力损失
The most common cause of tinnitus is noise-induced hearing loss. Hearing loss may be implicated even for people with normal audiograms.Hearing loss may have m but among tinnitus subjects, the major cause is cochlear damage.Ototoxic drugs (such as aspirin) can also cause subjective tinnitus, as they may cause hearing loss, or increase the damage done by exposure to loud noise. Those damages can occur even at doses that are not considered ototoxic. Tinnitus is also a classical side effect of quinidine, a Class IA anti-arrhythmic. Over 260 medications have been reported to cause tinnitus as a side effect. In many cases, however, no underlying cause can be identified.Tinnitus can also occur due to the discontinuation of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines. It can sometimes be a protracted symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal and may persist for many months.Associated factorsFactors associated with tinnitus include:耳鸣最常见的原因是噪声性听力损失。听力损失可能会牵连甚至具有正常听力的人。听力损失可能有许多不同的原因，但耳鸣的主题，主要原因是耳蜗损伤。耳毒性药物（如阿司匹林）也能引起主观性耳鸣，因为它们可能引起听力损失，或增加暴露于噪音的伤害。这些损害可以发生在不考虑药物剂量。耳鸣是奎尼丁经典的副作用，一个Ia类抗心律失常。据报道，超过260种药物导致耳鸣为副作用。然而，在许多情况下，没有根本原因可以识别。耳鸣也可以根据类的治疗剂量中断发生。有时它可以是一个长期的药物戒断症状可能持续数月。相关的因素耳鸣相关因素包括：
Objective tinnitusObjective tinnitus can be detected by other people and is usually caused by myoclonus or a vascular condition. In some cases, tinnitus is generated by a self-sustained oscillation within the ear. This is called objective tinnitus which can arise from muscle spasms around the middle ear. Homeostatic control mechanisms exist to correct the problem within a minute after onset and is normally accompanied by a slight reduction in hearing sensitivity followed by a feeling of fullness in the ear.Objective tinnitus can most often can be heard as a sound outside the ear, as spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) that can form beats with and lock into external tones. The majority of the people are unaware of their SOAEs; whereas portions of 1-9% perceive a SOAE as an annoying tinnitus.Pulsatile tinnitusPulsatile tinnitus can be a symptom of intracranial vascular abnormalities and should be evaluated for bruits. Some people experience a sound that beats in time with their pulse (pulsatile tinnitus, or vascular tinnitus). Pulsatile tinnitus is usually objective in nature, resulting from altered blood flow, increased blood turbulence near the ear (such as from atherosclerosis, venous hum, but it can also arise as a subjective phenomenon from an increased awareness of blood flow in the ear. Rarely, pulsatile tinnitus may be a symptom of potentially life-threatening conditions such as carotid artery aneurysm or carotid artery dissection. Pulsatile tinnitus may also indicate vasculitis, or more specifically, giant cell arteritis. Pulsatile tinnitus may also be an indication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.PathophysiologyOne of the possible mechanisms relies on otoacoustic emissions. The inner ear contains tens of thousands of minute inner hair cells with stereocilia which vibrate in response to sound waves and outer hair cells which convert neural signals into tension on the vibrating basement membrane. The sensing cells are connected with the vibratory cells through a neural feedback loop, whose gain is regulated by the brain. This loop is normally adjusted just below onset of self-oscillation, which gives the ear spectacular sensitivity and selectivity. If something changes, it is easy for the delicate adjustment to cross the barrier of oscillation and, then, tinnitus results. Exposure to excessive sound kills hair cells and studies have shown that, as hair cells are lost, different neurons are activated, activating auditory parts of the brain and giving the perception of sound.[citation needed]Another possible mechanism underlying tinnitus is damage to the receptor cells. Although receptor cells can be regenerated from the adjacent supporting Deiters cells after injury in birds, reptiles and amphibians, it is believed that, in mammals, they can be produced only during embryogenesis. Although mammalian Deiters cells reproduce and position themselves appropriately for regeneration, they have not been observed to transdifferentiate into receptor cells except in tissue culture experiments. Therefore, if these hairs become damaged, through prolonged exposure to excessive sound levels, for instance, then deafness to certain frequencies results. In tinnitus, they may relay information that an externally audible sound is present at a certain frequency when it is not.The mechanisms of subjective tinnitus are often obscure. While it is not surprising that direct trauma to the inner ear can cause tinnitus, other apparent causes (e.g., temporomandibular joint dysfunction and dental disorders) are difficult to explain. Research has proposed there are two distinct categories of subjective tinnitus: otic tinnitus, caused by disorders of the inner ear or the acoustic nerve, and somatic tinnitus, caused by disorders outside the ear and nerve, but still within the head or neck. It is further hypothesized somatic tinnitus may be due to &central crosstalk& within the brain, as certain head and neck nerves enter the brain near regions known to be involved in hearing.It may be caused by increased neural activity in the auditory brainstem where the brain processes sounds, causing some auditory nerve cells to become over-excited. The basis of this theory is most people with tinnitus also have hearing loss, and the frequencies they cannot hear are similar to the subjective frequencies of their tinnitus. Models of hearing loss and the brain support the idea a homeostatic response of central dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons could result in them being hyperactive in a compensation process to the loss of hearing input.客观性耳鸣客观性耳鸣可以被其他人发现，通常是由肌阵挛或血管疾病引起。在某些情况下，耳鸣是由耳朵内的自持振荡产生的。这就是所谓的客观性耳鸣出现肌肉痉挛在中耳。稳态控制机制的存在来纠正问题，后一分钟内发生，通常伴随着听觉灵敏度略有减少，其次是耳朵发胀的感觉。目的耳鸣可以经常可以听到耳外的声音，如自发性耳声发射（SOAEs）可以形成节拍和锁到外部的色调。大多数的人都不知道他们的SOAEs；而1-9 %部分感知SOAE作为一个恼人的耳鸣。搏动性耳鸣搏动性耳鸣可以是颅内血管异常症状，应评估杂音。有些人经历了一种声音，与他们的脉搏（搏动性耳鸣，或血管性耳鸣）的时间跳动。搏动性耳鸣通常是客观存在的，由血流改变引起，耳朵附近的血液湍流增加（如动脉硬化，静脉哼鸣，但它也可以作为一种主观现象出现在耳朵的血流量增加意识。很少，搏动性耳鸣可能是一个潜在的危及生命的条件，如颈动脉瘤或颈动脉夹层的症状。搏动性耳鸣也可能表明血管炎，或更具体地说，巨细胞动脉炎。搏动性耳鸣也可能是特发性颅内压增高的表现。病理生理学一个可能的机制依赖于耳声发射。内耳中的毛细胞纤毛分钟内振动响应声波及外毛细胞转换成神经信号的振动基底膜张力对成千上万。传感单元通过一个神经反馈回路与振动细胞相连，其增益由大脑调节。这个循环通常是调整低于发病的自激振荡，这给了耳朵壮观的灵敏度和选择性。如果有什么变化，微妙的调整很容易越过振荡的障碍，然后，耳鸣的结果。暴露于过度的声音杀死毛细胞和研究表明，毛细胞丢失时，不同的神经元被激活，激活听觉部分的大脑和给予声音的看法。耳鸣的另一个可能机制是对受体细胞的损害。虽然受体细胞可以再生从相邻的支持Deiters细胞损伤后在鸟类、爬行动物和两栖动物，它相信，在哺乳动物中，它们只能在胚胎发育过程中产生的。虽然哺乳动物Deiters细胞复制和适当的再生自己的位置，他们没有观察到分化为受体细胞除了在组织培养实验。因此，如果这些头发受损，通过长时间暴露于过度的声音水平，例如，然后耳聋到一定的频率结果。耳鸣时，他们可能会传递信息，外部听觉的声音是在一定的频率时，它不是。主观耳鸣的机制往往是模糊的。虽然内耳直接损伤会引起耳鸣并不令人惊讶，但其他明显的原因（如颞下颌关节功能障碍和牙疾病）则难以解释。研究提出有两类：主观性耳鸣耳耳鸣，由内耳或听神经紊乱造成的，与躯体耳鸣，外面的耳朵和神经紊乱造成的，但仍在头部或颈部。进一步推测躯体性耳鸣可能是由于大脑内的“中枢串扰”，因为某些头部和颈部神经进入大脑附近的区域，这是已知的参与听力。这可能是由于听觉脑干的神经活动增加，大脑会发出声音，导致一些听觉神经细胞过度兴奋。这一理论的基础是大多数耳鸣患者也有听力损失，他们不能听到的频率与耳鸣的主观频率相似。模型的听力损失和大脑支持的想法一个稳态响应中央耳蜗背核神经元可能导致他们在补偿过程中的听力损失是极度活跃的输入。
DiagnosisEven when tinnitus is the primary complaint, audiological evaluation is usually preceded by examination by an ENT to diagnose treatable conditions like middle ear infection, acoustic neuroma, concussion, otosclerosis, etc.Evaluation of tinnitus will include a hearing test (audiogram), measurement of acoustic parameters of the tinnitus like pitch and loudness, and psychological assessment of comorbid conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress that are associated with severity of the tinnitus.The accepted definition of chronic tinnitus, as compared to normal ear noise experience, is five minutes of ear noise occurring at least twice a week. However, people with chronic tinnitus often experience the noise more frequently than this and can experience it continuously or regularly, such as during the night when there is less environmental noise to mask the sound.AudiologySince most persons with tinnitus also have hearing loss, a pure tone hearing test resulting in an audiogram may help diagnose a cause, though some persons with tinnitus do not have hearing loss. An audiogram may also facilitate fitting of a hearing aid in those cases where hearing loss is significant. The pitch of tinnitus is often in the range of the hearing loss. A hearing aid boosting the attentuated frequencies may at least partly mask tinnitus by raising the background level of sound in the tuned frequency range.诊断即使是主诉耳鸣，听力学评估通常是先检查耳鼻喉诊断治疗的疾病如中耳炎、听神经瘤、脑震荡、耳硬化症、等。评价耳鸣将包括听力测试（听力），对耳鸣的音调和响度等声学参数测量，以及疾病如抑郁、焦虑的心理评估，并强调与耳鸣的严重程度相关。公认的慢性耳鸣的定义，相比正常的耳朵噪音的经验，是五分钟的耳朵噪音发生至少每周两次。然而，慢性耳鸣的人往往比这更频繁地经历的噪音，可以连续或定期地体验，如在夜间有较少的环境噪声掩盖的声音。听力学由于大多数人耳鸣也有听力损失，纯音听力测试造成听力可以帮助诊断病因，虽然有些人没有耳鸣耳聋。听力也可以方便的在这些情况下，听力损失是一个显著的助听器验配。耳鸣的幅度往往在听力损失的范围内。助听器提高减毒的频率可能至少部分地掩盖耳鸣通过提高在调谐频率范围的声音背景水平。
PsychoacousticsAcoustic qualification of tinnitus will include measurement of several acoustic parameters like pitch, or frequency in cases of monotone tinnitus, or frequency range and bandwidth in cases of narrow band noise tinnitus, loudness in dB above hearing threshold at the indicated frequency, mixing-point, and minimum masking level. In most cases, tinnitus pitch or frequency range is between 5000 Hz and 8000 Hz, and loudness less than 10 dB above the hearing threshold.[medical citation needed]Another relevant parameter of tinnitus is residual inhibition, the temporary suppression and/or disappearance of tinnitus following a period of masking. The degree of residual inhibition may indicate how effective tinnitus maskers would be as a treatment modality.An assessment of hyperacusis, a frequent accompaniment of tinnitus, may also be made. The measured parameter is Loudness Discomfort Level in dB, the subjective level of acute discomfort at specified frequencies over the frequency range of hearing. This defines a dynamic range between the hearing threshold at that frequency and the loudnes discomfort level. A compressed dynamic range over a particular frequency range is associated with subjectve hyperacusis. Normal hearing threshold is generally defined as 0–20 decibels (dB). Normal loudness discomfort levels are 85–90+ dB, with some authorities citing 100 dB. A dynamic range of 55 dB or less is indicative of hyperacusis.SeverityThe condition is often rated on a scale from &slight& to &catastrophic& according to the effects it has, such as interference with sleep, quiet activities and normal daily activities. In an extreme case a man committed suicide after being told there was no cure.Assessment of psychological processes related to tinnitus involves measurement of tinnitus severity and distress (i.e. nature and extent of tinnitus-related problems), measured subjectively by validated self-report tinnitus questionnaires. These questionnaires measure the degree of psychological distress and handicap associated with tinnitus, including effects on hearing, lifestyle, health and emotional functioning. A broader assessment of general functioning, such as levels of anxiety, depression, stress, life stressors and sleep difficulties, is also important in the assessment of tinnitus due to higher risk of negative well-being across these areas, which may be affected by and/or exacerbate the tinnitus symptoms for the individual. Overall, current assessment measures are aimed to identify individual levels of distress and interference, coping responses and perceptions of tinnitus in order to inform treatment and monitor progress. However, wide variability, inconsistencies and lack of consensus regarding assessment methodology are evidenced in the literature, limiting comparison of treatment effectiveness. Developed to guide diagnosis or classify severity, most tinnitus questionnaires have also been shown to be treatment-sensitive outcome measures.心理声学耳鸣声资格将包括几个声学参数如螺距测量，或频率单调耳鸣，或频率范围和带宽的窄带噪声性耳鸣患者，响度在分贝以上的听力阈值在指定频率、混点、最小掩蔽级。在大多数情况下，耳鸣音调或频率范围是5000赫兹和8000赫兹之间，响度小于10分贝以上的听力阈值。[医学引文需要]耳鸣的另一个相关参数是残留抑制，暂时抑制和/或耳鸣消失后的掩蔽期。剩余的抑制程度可能表明如何有效的耳鸣掩蔽器将作为一种治疗方式。听觉过敏的一个评估，经常伴奏的耳鸣，也可。测得的参数响度分贝不适分贝，在指定频率的听力频率范围内的急性不适的主观水平。这个定义的听力阈值之间的动态范围，频率和loudnes不适水平。压缩动态范围超过一个特定的频率范围与主观听觉过敏有关。正常的听力阈值一般被定义为0–20分贝（dB）。正常响度不适水平为85 - 90分贝，与一些当局援引100分贝。55 dB的动态范围是表示听觉过敏或少。严重程度这种情况经常被评定为“轻微”到“灾难性”，根据它的影响，如干扰睡眠，安静的活动和正常的日常活动。在极端的情况下，一个男人自杀后被告知没有治愈。评估相关的耳鸣的心理过程涉及测量耳鸣的严重程度和困扰（即性质和程度的耳鸣有关的问题），主观测量验证自我报告耳鸣问卷。这些问卷测量耳鸣的心理困扰和障碍的程度，包括听力，生活方式，健康和情绪功能的影响。一个广泛的一般功能评估，如焦虑、抑郁、压力、生活压力、睡眠困难、在耳鸣由于负幸福感在这些地区的高风险的评估也很重要，这可能和/或加剧耳鸣症状，对个人的影响。总体而言，目前的评估措施的目的是识别个别水平的困扰和干扰，应对反应和耳鸣的看法，以告知治疗和监测进展。然而，广泛的可变性，不一致和缺乏共识的评估方法在文献中证明，限制比较治疗效果。开发，以指导诊断或分类的严重程度，大多数耳鸣问卷也被证明是治疗敏感结果的措施。
Pulsatile tinnitusIf the examination reveals a bruit (sound due to turbulent blood flow), imaging studies such as transcranial doppler (TCD) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) should be performed.Auditory evoked responseTinnitus can be evaluated with most auditory evoked potentials: however, results may be inconsistent. Results must be compared to age and hearing matched control subjects to be reliable. This inconsistent reporting may be due to many reasons: differences in the origin of the tinnitus, ABR recording methods and selection criteria of control groups. Since research shows conflicting evidence, more research on the relationship between tinnitus and auditory evoked potentials should be carried out before these measurements are used clinically.Differential diagnosisOther potential sources of the sounds normally associated with tinnitus should be ruled out. For instance, two recognized sources of high-pitched sounds might be electromagnetic fields common in modern wiring and various sound signal transmissions. A common and often misdiagnosed condition that mimics tinnitus is radio frequency (RF) hearing, in which subjects have been tested and found to hear high-pitched transmission frequencies that sound similar to tinnitus.PreventionProlonged exposure to loud sound or noise levels can lead to tinnitus. Ear plugs or other measures can help with prevention.Several medicines have ototoxic effects, and can have a cumulative effect that can increase the damage done by noise. If ototoxic medications must be administered, close attention by the physician to prescription details, such as dose and dosage interval, can reduce the damage done.ManagementIf there is an underlying cause, treating it may lead to improvements. Otherwise, the primary treatment for tinnitus is talk thera there are no effective medications.搏动性耳鸣如果审查发现杂音（声音由于血液湍流），影像学检查如经颅多普勒（TCD）或磁共振血管造影（MRA）应进行。听觉诱发反应耳鸣可以评估与大多数听觉诱发电位：然而，结果可能是不一致的。结果必须相匹配的年龄和听力匹配的对照组是可靠的。这种不一致的报告可能是由于多种原因：在耳鸣的起源不同，ABR记录方法和对照组的选择标准。由于研究表明冲突的证据，耳鸣和听觉诱发电位之间的关系进行更多的研究之前，这些测量用于临床。鉴别诊断排除与耳鸣相关的其他声音的潜在来源。例如，两种公认的高音调源可能是现代布线和各种声音信号传输中常见的电磁场。一个常见的，经常被误诊的情况，模仿耳鸣是无线电频率（RF）的听力，其中受试者已被测试，并发现听到高音传输频率，听起来类似耳鸣。预防长时间暴露在大声或噪音水平会导致耳鸣。耳塞或其他措施有助于预防。一些药物具有耳毒性，可有累积效应，可以增加通过噪声的危害。如果必须使用耳毒性药物，密切关注由医生处方的细节，如剂量和给药间隔，可以减少伤害。管理如果有一个潜在的原因，治疗它可能会导致改善。否则，耳鸣的主要治疗方法是谈话疗法和声音疗法，没有有效的药物治疗。
PsychologicalThe best supported treatment for tinnitus is a type of counseling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which can be delivered via the internet or in person. It decreases the amount of stress those with tinnitus feel. These benefits appear to be independent of any effect on depression or anxiety in an individual. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) also shows promise in the treatment of tinnitus. Relaxation techniques may also be useful. A clinical protocol called Progressive Tinnitus Management for treatment of tinnitus has been developed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.MedicationsAs of 2014 there were no medications effective for tinnitus. There is not enough evidence to determine if antidepressants or acamprosate is useful. While there is tentative evidence for benzodiazepines, it is insufficient to support usage. Anticonvulsants have not been found to be useful. Steroids injections into the middle ear also do not seem to be effective.Botulinum toxin injection has been tried with some success in cases of objective tinnitus from a palatal tremor.OtherThe use of sound therapy by either hearing aids or tinnitus maskers helps the brain ignore the specific tinnitus frequency. Although these methods are poorly supported by evidence, there are no negative effects. There is some tentative evidence supporting tinnitus retraining therapy. There is little evidence supporting the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation. It is thus not recommended.Alternative medicineGinkgo biloba does not appear to be effective. The American Academy of Otolaryngology recommends against taking melatonin or zinc supplements to relieve symptoms of tinnitus. In addition, a 2016 Cochrane Review concluded that evidence is not sufficient to support taking zinc supplements to reduce symptoms associated with tinnitus.PrognosisWhile there is no cure, most people with tinnitus get
for a minority, it remains a significant problem.EpidemiologyTinnitus affects 10–15% of people. About a third of North Americans over 55 experience tinnitus. Tinnitus affects one third of adults at some time in their lives, whereas ten to fifteen percent are disturbed enough to seek medical evaluation.ChildrenTinnitus is commonly thought of as a symptom of adulthood, and is often overlooked in children. Children with hearing loss have a high incidence of tinnitus, even though they do not express the condition or its effect on their lives. Children do not generally report tinnitus spontaneously and their complaints may not be taken seriously. Among those children who do complain of tinnitus, there is an increased likelihood of associated otological or neurological pathology such as migraine, juvenile Meniere’s disease or chronic suppurative otitis media. Its reported prevalence varies from 12% to 36% in children with normal hearing thresholds and up to 66% in children with a hearing loss and approximately 3–10% of children have been reported to be troubled by tinnitus.心理最好的支持治疗耳鸣是一种咨询称为认知行为疗法（CBT），可以通过互联网或亲自交付。它减少了压力与耳鸣感觉。这些好处似乎是独立的抑郁症或焦虑的个人的任何影响。接受和承诺疗法（ACT）也显示了治疗耳鸣的希望。放松技术也可能是有用的。美国退伍军人事务部已经开发了一个临床协议，称为渐进耳鸣管理耳鸣治疗。药物截至2014，没有有效的药物耳鸣。没有足够的证据来确定抗抑郁药或阿坎酸是有用的。虽然是苯的初步证据，不足以支持使用。抗惊厥药没有被发现是有用的。类固醇注射到中耳也似乎不是有效的。注射肉毒毒素已经尝试一些成功的客观耳鸣从腭震颤。其他通过助听器或耳鸣掩蔽器声音疗法的使用有助于大脑忽略具体的耳鸣频率。虽然这些方法缺乏证据支持，也没有负面影响。有一些初步的证据支持耳鸣再培训治疗。很少有证据支持使用经颅磁刺激。因此不建议。替代医学银杏似乎并不有效。美国科学院耳鼻咽喉科建议不要服用褪黑激素或锌补充剂来缓解耳鸣的症状。此外，2016的Cochrane综述认为证据不足以支持服用锌补充剂降低耳鸣症状。预后虽然没有治愈方法，大多数耳鸣患者随着时间的推移习惯了，但对于少数人来说，它仍然是一个重要的问题。流行病学耳鸣影响10 - 15%的人。约三分之一的北美人经历过55耳鸣。耳鸣影响三分之一的成年人在某些时候在他们的生活中，而十至百分之十五的干扰不够，寻求医疗评估。儿童耳鸣通常被认为是成年期的症状，在儿童中经常被忽视。儿童听力损失的耳鸣的发病率很高，即使他们不表达的条件或其对他们的生活的影响。儿童一般不自觉地报告耳鸣，他们的投诉可能不被重视。那些孩子们抱怨耳鸣中，有相关的耳科和神经如偏头痛病理的可能性增加，青少年Meniere病或慢性化脓性中耳炎。其报告的患病率从12%到36%不等，在儿童听力正常的阈值和高达66%的儿童听力损失和约3 - 10%的儿童被报道耳鸣困扰。
虽然没有治愈方法，大多数耳鸣患者随着时间的推移习惯了，但对于少数人来说，它仍然是一个重要的问题。
虽然没有治愈方法，大多数耳鸣患者随着时间的推移习惯了，但对于少数人来说，它仍然是一个重要的问题。
虽然没有治愈方法，大多数耳鸣患者随着时间的推移习惯了，但对于少数人来说，它仍然是一个重要的问题。重要的事说三遍，问题是你是哪个有重要问题的人吗？我觉得我好像有点适应不过来，我才23岁啊
看了一下 音乐疗法 抗惊厥 抑郁药物 银杏叶片 都无效，，真的是无药可医啊，只能自己适应了。。。
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