开放性实验 血浆凝血酶原时间测定（PT，一期法）（实作、多媒体）. 【要求..
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开放性实验 血浆凝血酶原时间测定（PT，一期法）（实作、多媒体）
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3秒自动关闭窗口维基百科，自由的百科全书
的醫學內容仅供參考，。如需获得健康方面的帮助，请咨询医生或其他专业人员。
血液检验项目正常参考值范围（：Reference ranges for blood tests），指的是医疗保健专家从样品中选取的一组用来描述医疗检验结果的正常参考值。
的测量值在临床中意义非常重要，人们通过对体液进行分析来寻找属于中的病理改变来作为是否患病的参考，属于对临床化学（临床生化学、化学病理学、纯血液化学的总称）领域中的研究。
这里包括了一些如含铁结合蛋白、含铜结合蛋白之类的一些蛋白质。
mmol/L or mEq/L
mmol/L or mEq/L
95, 98, 100
105, 106, 110
mmol/L or mEq/L
1.03 , 1.10
1.23 , 1.30
总 (TSI) – 男性
11.6 , 13.6
30, 32, 35
总血清铁(TSI) – 女性
总血清铁(TSI) -
总血清铁(TSI) -
190, 194, 204
326, 330, 360
饱和转铁蛋白
铁 – 女性
钙总量 (Ca)
2.5, 2.6, 2.8
10.2, 10.5
mEq/L or mg/dL
0.82 , 0.95
(最适范围)
更多資料：
酸碱缓冲对如果没有特别指定为动脉/经脉血，一般指的是动脉血，而不是静脉血。
酸碱缓冲对中的少数项目在动脉/静脉中差异很大。。
7.34, 7.35
7.44, 7.45
动脉和静脉
分圧 (pO2)
mmHg 又は torr
94, 95, 96
Approximately 75
mmHg 或 torr
mmHg 又は torr
动脉和静脉
标准碳酸氢根离子(SBCe)
动脉和静脉
mmol/L or mEq/L
检验者类型
78, 82, 84
1.7, 2, 3.4, 5
17, 22, 25
0.1, 0.2, 0.29
1.0, 1.3, 1.4
0.0 or N/A
(ALT/ALAT)
20, 21, 56
也被称为血清
（SGPT:serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase）
(AST/ASAT)
（SGOT:serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)
碱性磷酸酶(ALP)
γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)
检验者类型
24, 38, 60
24, 38, 96
ng/mL or μg/L
ng/mL or ug/L
疼痛开始12小时后的值:
ng/mL or μg/L
通常的上限
ng/mL or μg/L
急性冠脉综合征
ng/mL or μg/L
ng/mL or μg/L
ng/mL or μg/L
通常的上限
ng/mL or μg/L
急性冠脉综合征
ng/mL or μg/L
更多資料：
IU/l or mU/ml
男性及非孕妇
kU/L or U/mL
50岁的非吸烟者
癌胚抗原 (CEA)
70岁的非吸烟者
癌胚抗原 (CEA) - 吸烟者
μg/L or ng/mL
45岁以下 &2,5 μg/L
前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAP）
units/dL (Bodansky units)
更多資料：
检验者类型
(TSH or thyrotropin)
0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6
4.0, 4.5, 6.0
mIU/L or μIU/mL
mIU/L or μIU/mL
mIU/L or μIU/mL
游离 (FT4)
通常的成人
婴儿 0-3日
婴儿 3-30日
儿童/青春期
30日 - 18岁
总甲状腺素
游离 (FT3)
通常的成人
儿童 2-16岁
总三碘甲状腺原氨酸
更多資料：
检验者类型
男性, 整体
780 - 1000
男性 & 50 岁
男性 & 50 岁
女性 (卵泡期)
成人女性 (卵泡期及)
成人女性 ()
(standard)
(used in diagram)
闭经后女性
女性, peak
(used in diagram)
女性, 闭经后
成人女性 (卵泡期，5日)
(standard)
(used in diagram)
1.9 (95% PI)
14 (95% PI)
3.0 (90% PI)
6.0 (90% PI)
成人女性 (排卵前)
成人女性()
成人女性 - free (not protein bound)
闭经后女性
女性（排卵日）
2.2 (90% )
70 (90% PI)
280 (90% PI)
成人男性及女性
闭经后女性
更多資料：
检验者类型
ng/mL or ug/L
- 通常参考值
25-羟胆钙化（固）醇
- 治疗时参考值
异常上升值
& 10.4 μmol/L
& 140 μg/dl
& 6.3 μmol/L
& 85 μg/dL
& 11.4 μmol/L
& 150 μg/dL
检验者类型
(/叶酸盐) - 血清
ng/mL or μg/L
(叶酸/叶酸盐) - 红细胞
ng/mL or μg/L
ng/mL or μg/L
(抗坏血酸)
25-羟胆钙化（固）醇 ()
健康的维持
& 20 or 40
0, 0.2, 0.8
检验者类型
婴儿高，儿童低。
130, 132, 135
162, 170, 175
成人间性别差异很小。
150, 152, 160
血浆中血红蛋白
通常仅存在于小型红细胞内。
 % of Hb
0.39, 0.4, 0.41, 0.45
0.50, 0.52,0.53 , 0.62
0.35, 0.36,0.37
0.46, 0.48
容积婴儿高，儿童低。
红细胞粒度分布幅（Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)）
平均红细胞血红蛋白（Mean cell hemoglobin(MCH)）
32, 33, 35
平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)）
5.7, 5.9, 6.2, 6.9
3.5, 3.8, 3.9
 % of RBC
 % of RBC
 % of RBC
检验者类型
3.5, 3.9, 4.1, 4.5
9.0, 10.0, 10.9, 11
x103/mm3 or
(A.K.A. grans, polys, PMNs, or segs)
1.3, 1.8, 2
 % of WBC
（中性粒细胞） （Neutrophilic band forms）
 % of WBC
3.5, 3.9, 4.8
 % of WBC
 % of WBC
单核白细胞(单核细胞+淋巴细胞)
 % of WBC
0.44, 0.45, 0.5
 % of WBC
100, 200, 900
 % of WBC
/红细胞数 (Plt)
350, 400, 450
10, 11, 12
13, 13.5, 14, 15
凝血酶原时间受到检测药剂不同的影响。INR可以把它的值。
INR是被检验者的凝血酶原时间的修正。
活化部分凝血活酶时间（Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)）
28, 42, 45
凝固时间 (TCT)
红细胞沉降率随着年龄的增长，女性往往偏高。
(年龄+10)÷2
更多資料：
更多資料：
millilitre
Cytoplasmic/classical
Perinuclear
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic
antibodies (p-ANCA)
（学龄前）
ASOT（就学期）
ASOT（成人）
抗磷脂 IgM
抗磷脂 IgA
(Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies)
LDH (酶的活性)
25, 30, 53
110, 120, 123, 125, 190
妊妇で高い。
60, 150, 208
检验者类型
275, 280, 281
295, 296, 297
不包含溶质的血浆重量
Slightly less than osmolality
包含溶质的血浆容量
尿素氮（BUN - Blood urea nitrogen）
血浆值 (空腹时)
65, 70, 72
总血糖値 (空腹时)
乳酸 (动脉)
检验者类型
10 – 39 岁
& 100 mg/dL
or 1.1 mmol/L
40 – 59 岁
1.0, 1.2, 1.3
& 1.0 or 1.6  mmol/L
& 40 or 60 mg/dL
(中性脂肪 &5.0 mmol/L
的情况下无效)
(unitless)
Last page of Deepak A. R Le, T Bhushan, Vikas. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for the Usmle Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. 2007.  .
from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in Interactive Case Study Companion to Pathologic basis of disease.
Reference range list from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista"). Artnr 40284 Sj74a. Issued on April 22, 2008
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 22.99 g·mol-1
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 39.10 g·mol-1
Last full review/revision February 2003
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 35.45 g·mol-1
Larsson L, Ohman S. . Clin. Chem. 1978-11, 24 (11): 1962–5.  .
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 40.08
Slon S. . University of Illinois Medical Center.
July 15, 2005
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 55.85 g·mol-1
Page 133. Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1, 1999 (stating 1.9–3.3 g/L)
Derived by dividing mass values with molar mass
by: Mark Levin, MD, Hematologist and Oncologist, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 450,000 g·mol-1
Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF. . Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2001-08, 125 (8): 1084–7.  .
Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P. Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by microdiffusion. Clin. Chem. 1995-07, 41 (7): 1048.  .
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 17.03 g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 63.55 g·mol-1
Derived from mass using molar mass of 151kDa
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 40.08
Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. 2005.  . Page 849
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 65.38 g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 24.31 g/mol
Retrieved on July 9, 2009
Middleton P, Kelly AM, Brown J, Robertson M. . Emerg Med J. 2006-08, 23 (8): 622–4. :.  .  .
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 1.01 g·mol-1
Derived from mmHg values using 0.133322 kPa/mmHg
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44.010 g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 61 g/mol
Derived from mass using molecular weight of 65kD
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 585g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 585g/mol
Fachw?rterbuch Kompakt Medizin E-D/D-E. Author: Fritz-Jürgen N?hring. Edition 2. Publisher:Elsevier, Urban&FischerVerlag, 2004. , 0. Length: 1288 pages
Retrieved on Dec 7, 2009
Helander A, Vab? E, Levin K, Borg S. Intra- and interindividual variability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume in teetotalers. Clin. Chem. 1998-10, 44 (10): 2120–5.  .
Jay Hupp & Dr. Michel S. Medawar. Effective November, 2002
Showing 95th percentiles. Epic Lab Code: LAB649. Updated: 10/27/2009
Retrieved on April 22, 2010
South London Healthcare NHS Trust
Rene P. Relos, MD; Ian K. Hasinoff, MD; Greg J. Beilman, MD. Posted: 12/05/2003; Crit Care Med. )
Kay SE, Doery J, Sholl D. Clozapine associated pericarditis and elevated troponin I. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002-02, 36 (1): 143–4. :.  .
Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009
Retrieved on Jan 5, 2009
Bjerner J, H?getveit A, Wold Akselberg K, et al.. Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-foeto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA19.9 from the NORIP study. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation. 2008-06, 68 (8): 1–12. :.  .
at MedicineNet
By Mary Shomon, . Updated: June 19, 2006.
Health's Disease and Condition
Contacts: Bryan Campbell American] Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
By Mary Shomon, . Updated: June 19, 2006
Demers, Laurence M.; Carole A. Spencer. .
(USA). 2002 .
- see Section 2. Pre-analytic factors
UNC Health Care System
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 776.87 g/mol
- Thyroid Disease Manager
George van der Watt1,a, David Haarburger1 and Peter Berman
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 650.98 g/mol
Cioffi M Gazzerro P Vietri Maria T Magnetta R Durante A D'Auria A Puca Giovanni A Molinari Anna Maria ;
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 288.42g/mol
Update Date: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director
GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009
Values taken from day 1 after LH surge in:
Reto Stricker, Raphael Eberhart, Marie-Christine Chevailler, Frank A. Quinn, Paul Bischof and Rene? Stricker. Clin Chem Lab Med ):883–887 PMID:
Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009
Retrieved on September 27, 2009
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 272.38g/mol
Total amount multiplied by 0.022 according to 2.2% presented in: Wu CH, Motohashi T, Abdel-Rahman HA, Flickinger GL, Mikhail G. Free and protein-bound plasma estradiol-17 beta during the menstrual cycle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1976-08, 43 (2): 436–45. :.  .
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 314.46 g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 4540g/mol according to
Retrieved on September 28, 2009
. WebMD. 09-03-2006 .
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 4540g/mol according to
Retrieved on September 28, 2009
Retrieved on Nov 8, 2009
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 362 g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa
in: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK. . Endocr Pract. 2006, 12 (2): 137–44.  .  .
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 9.4 kDa
Derived from molar values using molar mass 400.6 g/mol
Bender, David A. . Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003.  . Retrieved December 10, 2008 through .
Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A., Dietrich, T., Orav, J.E., Hu, F.B., Zhang, Y., Karlson, E., Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with better lower extremity function in both active and inactive adults 60+ years of age. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80:752-758.
Reusch J, Ackermann H, Badenhoop K. Cyclic changes of vitamin D and PTH are primarily regulated by solar radiation: 5-year analysis of a German (50 degrees N) population. Horm. Metab. Res. 2009-05, 41 (5): 402–7. :.  .
Alex Vasquez, researcher. BMJ -109 (9 July), doi:10.1136/bmj.331.-b.
Derived from molar values using molar massof 135 g/mol
Retrieved on July 9, 2009
Retrieved on April 28, 2009
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 441 mol-1
Retrieved on April 28, 2009
Derived form molar values using molar mass of 1355g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 1355g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 176 grams per mol
by country, see
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 46g/mol
Derived from mass values using 64,500 g/mol, according to Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG. Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2001, 90 (2): 511–519.  .
Derived from mass concentration, using molar mass of 64,458 g/mol (Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG. Performance of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring local O2 consumption and blood flow in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2001, 90 (2): 511–519.  .). 1 g/dL = 0.;mmol/L
Retrieved on May 14, 2009
Central European Journal of Immunology 1-2/2006. (Centr Eur J Immunol -2): 1-5) authors: El?bieta Górska, Urszula Demkow, Roman Pińkowski, Barbara Jakubczak, Dorota Matuszewicz, Jolanta Gaw?da, Wioletta Rzeszotarska, Maria W?sik,
Retrieved on November 20, 2009
Miller A, Green M, Robinson D. . Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983, 286 (6361): 266. :.   .  .
B?ttiger LE, Svedberg CA. . Br Med J. 1967, 2 (5544): 85–7. :.   .  .
A.R. Choudhury, and S. Rahman, Birdem, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (the diabetics were not used to determine the reference ranges)
Derived from mass using molar mass of 25,106 g/mol
Sipahi T, Kara C, Tavil B, Inci A, Oksal A. . J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 2003-03, 25 (3): 274–5. :.  .
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 44324.5 g/mol
Retrieved on Nov 26, 2009
Retrieved on April 29, 2010
Walter Ageno, MD; Sergio Finazzi, MD; Luigi Steidl, MD; Maria Grazia Biotti, MD; Valentina Mera, MD; GianVico Melzi d'Eril, MD; Achille Venco, MD. Arch Intern Med. 9-2593.
Kline JA, Williams GW, Hernandez-Nino J. . Clinical chemistry. 2005-05, 51 (5): 825–9. :.  .
Gardner MD, Scott R. . J. Clin. Pathol. 1980-04, 33 (4): 380–5. :.  .  .
Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP. . Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2000-01,. 37 ( Pt 1): 49–59. :.  .
Derived from molar values by multiplying with the molar mass of 113.118 g/mol, and divided by 10.000 to adapt from μg/L to mg/dL
Derived from molar values using molar mass of 180g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 90.08 g/mol
Derived from mass values using molar mass of 88.06 g/mol
Derived from values in mg/dl to mmol/l, by dividing by 89, according to
Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009
Derived from values in mg/dl to mmol/l, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol
Last Updated: Monday, 6 August 2007
Derived from values in mmol/l, using molar mass of 386.65 g/mol
American Heart Association. Retrieved on September 12, 2009
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