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正常胎儿四肢长骨(1)&染色体异常胎儿的长骨异常主要表现为肱骨短。(2)&胎儿短肢畸形时,肱骨测量不适用于推测孕周。(3)&股骨与肱骨测值低于平均值2倍标准差以上，可认为股骨或肱骨短。低于平均值2倍标准差以上5mm，则可能有骨骼发育不良。&不同孕周胎儿足长百分位数mm （2000年）孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1515182223384246315963671617212524414549326165691720242825444851336468711823273126475154346670741926303327495357356973762029323628525659367175792132353929545862377477812235394230576164（1）&当FL/ 足长&0.85 时，提示胎儿染色体异常，该指标在孕16—24周较为敏感。（2）&正常FL/ 足长比值 0.87—1.11（3）&当FL/FOOT 0.87 ；FL/AC ≦16提示股骨过短&胎儿生物测量正常值1、胎儿头臀长与孕周孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL10周0天3.0511周0天4.0512周0天5.2513周0天6.6514周0天7.9510周1天3.1511周1天4.1512周1天5.4513周1天6.7514周1天8.0510周2天3.3511周2天4.4512周2天5.6513周2天7.0514周2天8.3510周3天3.4511周3天4.5512周3天5.8513周3天7.1514周3天8.4510周4天3.5511周4天4.6512周4天5.9513周4天7.3514周4天8.5510周5天3.7511周5天4.8512周5天6.2513周5天7.5514周5天8.7510周6天3.8511周6天5.0512周6天6.3513周6天7.6514周6天8.85&2、正常胎儿双顶径、 头围、腹围、股骨长（medison）孕周双顶径头围腹围股骨长131.90-2.347.2-8.86.3-7.41.00-1.33142.35-2.748.9-10.407.5-8.61.34-1.66152.78-3.1710.45-11.958.7-9.81.67-1.99163.18-3.5511.96-13.49.9-11.02.00-2.30173.56-3.9113.45-14.7911.1-12.22.31-2.59183.92-4.2614.8-16.1912.3-13.42.61-2.90194.27-4.6016.2-17.3913.5-14.62.91-3.19204.61-4.9317.40-18.5914.7-15.73.20-3.46214.95-5.2418.60-19.7515.8-16.93.47-3.74225.25-5.5419.76-20.8417.0-18.03.75-4.00235.55-5.8420.85-21.8918.1-19.14.01-4.26245.85-6.1421.90-22.8919.2-20.34.27-4.49256.15-6.4122.90-23.8920.4-21.44.50-4.74266.42-6.6823.90-24.8021.5-22.54.75-4.99276.69-6.9424.81-25.6922.6-23.65.00-5.25286.95-7.2025.70-26.5923.7-24.75.26-5.47297.21-7.4626.60-27.4024.8-25.75.48-5.69307.47-7.6927.40-28.1925.8-26.85.70-5.94317.70-7.9528.20-28.9026.9-27.85.95-6.15327.96-8.1929.00-29.7027.9-28.96.16-6.36-338.20-8.4229.80-30.4929.0-30.06.37-6.59348.43-8.6530.60-31.2030.1-30.96.60-6.79358.66-8.8831.30-31.8031.0-32.06.80-7.00368.89-9.1031.90-32.5932.1-33.07.01-7.20379.11-9.3232.60-33.2033.1-34.07.21-7.40389.33-9.5333.30-33.8934.1-35.07.41-7.60399.54-9.7533.90-34.5035.1-36.07.61-7.80409.76-9.9634.60-35.1036.1-36.97.81-8.00419.97-10.1635.20-35.7037.0-37.98.01-8.24210.17-38.0（1）BPD孕31周前，每周增长约3mm，孕31-36周增长1.5mm/周，孕36周后，增长1mm/周；在孕12-28周测值最接近孕周。受胎方位、不同头形或胎头入盆等因素影响，孕晚期BPD测值会出现较大偏差。（2）孕30周前FL增长2.7mm/周，31-36周增长2mm/周, 36周后增长1mm/周。&3、超声参数解读：（1）头径指数CI=头短轴径BPD /头长轴径OFD &正常范围70%-86%&&&&&&&头径指数在正常范围时，BPD适合评估体重。头径指数小于70%或大于86%时，应该用头围来评估体重。（2）FL/AC &正常 20%～24%FL/AC &20% 可能为巨大儿 &&&&&&&FL/AC&&24% 可能有IUGR，应放弃AC测量（3）FL/BPD 正常 71%～87%如FL/BPD &70 %，则放弃FL测量如FL/BPD &&87 %，则放弃BPD测量（4）HC/AC &正常 0.96～1.17&&&&&&&正常孕35周前，腹围小于头围；孕35周左右，比值基本相等；孕35周后，腹围大于头围。（5）FL/HC &&小于3SD 提示骨发育不良。&4、胎儿小脑横径正常值（参考美国妇产科学1987年）孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1614161724222528323338421716171825232829333240441817181926252932343340441918192227263032353140.5472018202228273134363643552119222429293438373745552221232430313540384048.555232224263132384339525255孕24周前，小脑横径约等于孕周，孕20-38周，平均增长约1-2mm/周；孕24周后，小脑横径值明显大于孕周，妊娠38周后，平均增长约0.7mm/周。&5、胎儿小脑蚓部正常值孕周（周）前后径（mm）顶尾径（mm）周长（mm）面积（cm2）21-2210. 6±1.411.1±1.143.8±3.30.9±0.223-2412.9±1.112.3±1.447.5±5.51.2±0.225-2613.5±2.113.6±0.950.9±4.41.4±0.227-2816.3±2.716.0±1.658.9±6.82.0±0.529-3017.5±2.217.7±2.164.7±6.52.3±0.431-3219.0±1.919.2±1.170.7±6.92.8±0.433-3419.2±1.919.8±1.072.7±8.33.0±0.835-3621.4±1.521.2±2.377.6±5.13.4±0.337-3822.1±3.823.0±4.680.7±9.93.9±1.439-4025.7±2.325.0±2.686.7±7.04.9±0.7&6、诊断小头畸形头围参考值（ cm 李胜利）孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD201814.513.111.63128.626.024.523.02119.215.714.312.83229.426.825.323.92220.316.915.414.03330.227.626.124.62321.418.016.615.13430.928.326.825.32422.419.117.716.23531.528.927.526.02523.420.218.817.33632.429.528.126.62624.421.319.818.33732.930.128.627.22725.322.320.819.43833.930.629.127.62826.223.321.820.33934.231.029.528.12927.024.222.721.54034.831.429.928.43027.825.123.622.0&7、胎儿第四脑室正常范围胎儿第四脑室 &&&&&&宽径： 0.48±0.11mm， &&前后径：0.27±0.0895%百分区间范围 &&宽径： 0.31-0.68 &&&&&&&&&前后径：0.15-0.41 &8、胎儿眼部生物学测量正常值孕周&5th眼外距50th&95th&5th眼内距50th&95th&5th眼距50th&95th125132349131361381525591424714101828510143581513203061014469161522326101557917172534611155810181927377111669111922293971216791220243141812178101321263343813178111322283544913189121423303746914181012152431394810141910131525334150101519111316263542511115201214162736445311162012141728384554121621131517293947561217211315183041485713172214161831425058131822141619324351601418231417193345526114192315171934465362151924151720354754631520241518203648556416202516182037495665162125161821385057651721261618213950586617222616192140515967182226161921孕20周前，眼外距=眼内距=眼间距； 孕20周后，眼内距略大于眼外距&9、胎儿孕期鼻骨正常值孕周百&分&位&数孕周百&分&位&数5th50th95th5th50th95th121.82.84.2287.69.812.1142.53.85.3307.91012.6163.44.76.2328.610.513.6184.35.77349.110.912.8205.26.78.3367.810.912.8225.87.59.3389.311.715.7246.88.3104010.412.114.5267.48.910.9&10、胎儿胸围的5、50、95百分位（妇产科超声学第5版） 孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th166.49.111.92918.22123.7177.31012.83019.121.924.6188.21113.7312022.825.5199.111.914.63220.923.726.4201012.815.53321.824.627.3211113.716.43422.825.528.22211.914.617.33523.726.429.12312.815.518.23624.627.3302413.716.419.13725.528.230.92514.617.3203826.429.131.92615.518.2213927.33032.82716.419.121.94028.230.933.72817.32022.8正常胎儿心围/胸围约等于0.40 &胎儿心脏面积/胸围面积约为0.25-0.33。胸围与腹围的正常比值在0.83-0.95，胸围与头围的正常比值在0.68-0.92。&11、锁骨长度参考值（cm）medison孕周生长参数最小值最大值孕周生长参数最小值最大值353.63.14.1383.93.44.4363.73.24.23943.54.5373.83.34.3404.13.64.6&12、正常胎儿不同孕周胃泡大小（cm ）妊娠龄（周）例数前后径长径13-15150.3-0.50.6-1.216-18290.4-0.80.9-1.719-21170.6-1.01.1-2.122-24110.6-1.21.3-2.525-27140.5-1.51.3-3.328-30170.9-1.51.8-1.831-33181.1-1.71.9-3.734-36151.0-1.81.9-3.737-39161.2-2.02.3-4.1&13、正常胎儿不同孕周胆囊大小（cm ）妊娠龄（周）长径横径15-191.00.320-221.50.423-241.90.625-262.10.627-302.10.731-342.60.735-402.70.65&14、胎儿各孕周脾的长度测值（cm ）妊娠龄（周）第五百分位均值第95百分位180.71.42.1201.11.82.6221.52.22.9241.92.53.2262.02.73.4282.43.13.8302.73.44.1323.13.84.5343.54.35.0364.14.85.5384.75.46.2405.56.27.0&15、胎儿孕龄小肠和降结肠直径 mm孕周（周数）小肠腔大小结肠腔大小平均数最大值平均数最大值10-151.011.5215-201.223.6520-251.424.4625-301.838.01330-352.9611.41635-403.7816.826&404.4818.728&16、正常胎儿不同孕周肾脏径线测值前后径横径纵径孕周5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th1626106101371318173711610141015201848126101412172219591371014141924206101371115152126216101481215172228227111581216192429238121691317212631249131710141822283325101418111519242934261115191216192531362711151912162027323728121620131721283338291317211418222935403014182215192331364131141822162024323742321519231720243338433316202317212534394434162024182226354045351721251822263541463617212519232736414737182226192327374247381822261923273743483919232719232738434840192327192327384449孕24周 肾脏长2.2-2.7cm, 孕32周 肾脏长2.8-3.3cm，孕足月，肾脏长3.6-4.1cm，肾周长/ 腹围 0.27-0.33 &&&&&&&&&&&&17、正常胎儿四肢长骨12-40周胎儿四肢长骨第5、50、95百分位测值mm孕周股骨胫骨腓骨肱骨尺骨桡骨5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th1248137697713611161096111651015610141491418712176121991419813188131715121721915209152112172211162111152016152024121722131823152025131823131822171823271520251321281822271621261420261821253017222715233120253019242915222919242833202530192633232833212631202429202631362227332128362530352429342227322129343825303524313728333826313624293322323641273238273339303540283338273134233539443035402835423338423136412632392437424632374129374535404533384326344225404449344045344045374247354045313641264247513742473642473944493742473237432745495439444937445041465139444933394528475256414651384553434853414651334048295054594348534147544550554348533642473052566145505543495647515644495436434931545963475257425159485358465156384450325661654854594252635055604853583745533358636750556046546251566149545941465134606569525762465565535863515661404753356267715358645157625459645257624148543664687355606554586356616553586339485737657074566167545965576267556065454953386771765863685661655963685661664549543968737759646956626760657057626745505440707479616671596367616671586368465055(4)&染色体异常胎儿的长骨异常主要表现为肱骨短。(5)&胎儿短肢畸形时,肱骨测量不适用于推测孕周。(6)&股骨与肱骨测值低于平均值2倍标准差以上，可认为股骨或肱骨短。低于平均值2倍标准差以上5mm，则可能有骨骼发育不良。&18、不同孕周胎儿足长百分位数mm （2000年）超声5版孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1515182223384246315963671617212524414549326165691720242825444851336468711823273126475154346670741926303327495357356973762029323628525659367175792132353929545862377477812235394230576164（4）&当FL/ 足长&0.85 时，提示胎儿染色体异常，该指标在孕16—24周较为敏感。（5）&正常FL/ 足长比值 0.87—1.11（6）&当FL/FOOT 0.87 ；FL/AC ≦16提示股骨过短&19、正常羊水指数可信区间（cm &妇产科超声学 第五版）孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th167.912.118.5259.714.722.1348.114.224.8178.312.719.4269.714.722.3357.914.024.9188.713.320.2279.514.622.6367.713.824.9199.013.720.7289.414.622.8377.513.524.4209.314.121.2299.214.523.1387.313.223.9219.514.321.4309.014.523.4397.212.722.6229.714.521.6318.814.423.8407.112.321.4239.814.621.8328.614.424.2417.011.619.4249.814.721.9338.314.324.5426.911.017.5&&&20、脐静脉平均流速（cm/s）妇产科超声学第五版孕周　平均流速孕周　平均流速孕周　平均流速5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th205.77.910.7276.569.0312.18347.4110.1613.66215.828.0610.9286.689.1912.39357.5310.3213.87225.948.2211.1296.89.3512.6367.6510.4814.08236.078.3811.3306.929.5112.81377.7810.6414.29246.198.5411.5317.049.6713.02387.910.814.5256.318.7111.8327.179.8313.23398.0210.9614.71266.438.8712337.299.9913.44408.1411.1214.9221、大脑中动脉多普勒评估胎儿贫血孕周不同等级的贫血所对应的大脑中动脉收缩期血流峰值阈值cm/s正常轻度贫血中度贫血重度贫血1823.229.934.8362025.532.838.239.52227.93641.943.32430.739.54647.52633.643.350.452.12836.947.655.457.23040.552.560.762.83244.457.366.668.93448.762.973.175.63653.56980.282.93858.775.788914064.48396.699.8&22、脐动脉阻力指数和S/D正常值（妇产科超声学）孕周阻力指数S/D5th50th95th5th50th95th160.70.80.93.395.1210.5170.690.790.893.274.869.46180.680.780.883.164.638.61190.670.770.873.064.417.9200.670.760.862.974.227.3210.650.750.852.884.046.78220.640.740.842.793.886.33230.630.730.832.713.735.94240.620.720.822.643.595.59250.610.710.812.573.465.28260.60.700.82.53.345.01270.590.690.792.443.224.76280.580.670.782.383.124.53290.570.670.772.323.084.33300.560.670.762.262.934.14310.550.650.752.212.843.97320.540.640.742.162.763.81330.530.630.732.112.683.67340.520.620.722.072.613.53350.510.610.712.032.543.4360.500.600.701.982.473.29370.490.590.691.942.413.18380.470.570.671.902.353.08390.460.560.671.872.302.98400.450.550.651.832.242.89410.440.540.641.802.192.81420.430.530.631.762.142.73&23、大脑中动脉阻力指数的参考值孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th180.540.690.79310.650.800.91190.570.710.81320.650.790.90200.590.730.83330.640.780.89210.610.740.85340.630.770.89220.620.760.86350.610.760.87230.630.770.87360.600.750.86240.640.780.89370.580.730.84250.650.790.90380.560.710.83260.660.800.90390.540.690.81270.660.800.91400.520.670.79280.660.800.91410.490.640.76290.660.800.91420.460.620.74300.660.800.91&24、子宫动脉阻力指数与搏动指数孕周阻力指数5th &&&&50th &&&&&&95th搏动指数5th &&&&&&50th &&&&&&&95th180.220.450.660.510.891.41190.200.430.640.460.841.36200.190.420.630.440.811.33210.190.410.620.420.801.31220.180.410.620.410.781.29230.180.400.610.400.771.28240.170.400.610.390.761.27250.170.390.600.380.751.26260.160.390.600.370.741.25270.160.390.590.370.741.24280.160.380.590.360.731.23290.150.380.590.360.721.22300.150.380.580.350.721.21310.150.370.580.350.711.21320.150.370.580.350.711.20330.150.370.580.340.701.19340.140.370.570.340.701.19350.140.360.570.330.691.18360.140.360.570.330.681.17370.140.360.570.330.681.16380.140.360.570.320.671.16390.140.360.560.320.671.15400.140.360.560.310.661.14&25、不同孕周正常胎儿心脏心房心室大血管测值（测值为舒张期 单位：mm）孕周20-23周24-27周28-31周32-35周36-38周左室横径8.16±1.279.90±1.4511.60±1.6113.12±1.4913.69±1.51右室横径8.63±1.7410.25±1.5012.02±1.7213.73±1.5714.69±1.77左房横径7.82±0.589.22±0.7710.81±1.7012.04±1.7915.53±1.21右房横径9.42±1.1211.15±1.2112.82±0.8615.17±2.218.33±2.15室间隔2.38±0.632.48±0.372.90±0.413.28±0.493.64±0.48卵圆孔长度5.05±0.935.85±1.466.81±0.967.11±1.677.41±2.04主动脉4.82±1.155.53±0.786.49±0.757.32±0.938.40±1.11肺动脉5.04±0.956.29±0.877.28±0.868.40±1.019.05±1.10主/肺动脉比0.93±0.150.87±0.120.89±0.070.88±0.080.89±0.08&26、不同孕周正常胎儿心脏各瓣口血流速度测值（单位：cm/s）孕周20-23周24-27周28-31周32-35周36-39周主动脉AOV0.83±0.150.8±60.110.93±0.131.00±0.101.05±0.15肺动脉PAV0.77±0.100.82±0.120.8±70.140.9±30.120.9±70.12二尖瓣E峰0.33±0.070.38±0.070.39±0.120.41±0.090.44±0.12二尖瓣A峰0.54±0.110.56±0.100.60±0.170.56±0.100.57±0.11三尖瓣E峰0.36±0.080.40±0.100.42±0.100.45±0.110.46±0.09三尖瓣A峰0.55±0.100.58±0.100.60±0.130.59±0.100.60±0.14&五、胎儿早中孕期染色体异常超声标记1、&&颈部透明带NT(11周2天-14周+3天)：正常NT≦3.0mm &&&≥3mm 异常2、&&鼻骨长度（见表）3、&&颈背部皮肤皱褶厚度NF（15周-21周）正常&6mm ； ≥6mm为异常4、&&眼距（见表）5、&&脉络丛囊肿 为一过性病变，大部分胎儿孕中期消失。18-三体胎儿可见脉络丛囊肿。6、&&肾盂宽度 观点不一。 总体上：孕20周≤4mm，大多为正常胎儿；肾盂扩张5-10mm，或有膀胱扩张、输尿管扩张、肾盏扩张等，应在以后的妊娠过程中随访观察。肾盂扩张＞10mm，出现肾脏病理情况的可能性明显增加。应在产后5-7天复查。7、&&四肢长骨长度 尤其注意胎儿肱骨，如肱骨短，与21三体相关8、 脑室后角宽度 &&正常≤1.0cm &&&&&临界值10-12mm &12-15mm脑室轻度扩大 &&&＞15mm脑积水9、&&小下颌 明显的小下颌可在胎儿正中矢状切面显示10 &重叠指 11、耳形态异常12、中晚孕期超声筛查染色体异常的特征 （1）对称性、早发IUGR（2）多系统畸形：主要关注侧脑室轻度增宽、脉络丛囊肿、室缺、鼻骨小或缺失、小下颌、耳异常、颈背部皮肤增厚、肱骨股骨短、重叠指、马蹄足等。（3）13三体超声特征：IUGR、合并多系统严重结构异常，如全前脑。（4）18三体超声特征：18三体三联征：IUGR—羊水多—重叠指，小下颌，脉络丛一过性囊肿，室缺，肢体缺如或手足姿态异常固定等。少数病例无严重结构异常。（5）21三体超声特征：IUGR、NF增厚、肱骨股骨短、侧脑室轻度增宽、鼻骨发育不良、十二指肠闭锁、吐舌征等。部分病例无严重结构异常，易漏诊。&六、胎儿畸形与染色体异常发生率单脐动脉 &发生染色体畸形的发生率为0.1-11.3% &&主要为13，18三体胸腔积液 &除外感染因素外，染色体的危险度为：5-8%脐静脉瘤 &18三体异常，心脏畸形，FGR脐带囊肿股骨短 &&&FL/BPD﹤71%, &FL/AC﹤20%, &FL/HC﹤19%, FL/FOOT﹤90% 单项异常不作为羊穿指证股骨短 &&&●FL及HL同时短，染色体异常的风险增加11倍 &&&（FL+HL）/FOOT≤1.75 DS为53%，假阳性7%髂翼角增加● &正常：63.1±20.3° &当&90°时为异常，DS可增加：80±19.7%超声异常单发%多发%染色体异常的种类◆脑室扩大21721，18，三倍体◆前脑无裂439◆Dandy wolker21，18，13三体脉络丛囊肿14821，18三体后颅窝囊肿05221，18，13三体面裂527118，13三体小下颌18，三倍体◆颈部水肿194521，18，13，XO小头畸形13，XO胼胝体缺如18，13膈疝24918，13◆心脏畸形166621. 13. 18. XO，三倍体◆十二指肠闭锁386421◆脐膨出84618，13足内翻03318，13FGR43818，XO，三倍体小胃21，18肾盂扩张（轻）21. 13. 18. XO，三倍体其他肾畸形21，13，21，三倍体◆胎儿水肿21，XO股骨短4-521. 13. 18. XO，三倍体◆弯指21，并指（趾），三倍体◆重叠指18三体多指（趾）13三体◆&为染色体异常重要指标&DS评分 &1992年（Benacezef）主要结构异常 &2分NF≥6mm 或NT≥3mm &2分FL短、HL短 &各1分轻度肾盂扩张 &1分肠强回声 &&&&&&&&&1分心脏强回声 &&&&&1分如合计≥2分，则DS检出率81% 假阳性率4.4%&孕中期B超异常与DS拟然比（Nyberg）结构异常NF≥6mm肠强回声HL短FL短心强回声轻度肾盂扩张无异常LR185.52.52.221.50.5&&
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喜欢该文的人也喜欢怀孕20周宝宝比超各项标准指标值是多少_百度宝宝知道怀孕的忌讳 B超单中生男生女的秘密_孕中期辣妈帮_怎么越怀越瘦了，整个孕期才长十二斤啊，我快崩溃了，不知道宝宝健不健康_百度宝宝知道