孔夫子旧书网WilliamShakespeare
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简介：威廉·莎士比亚（W.WilliamShakespeare，）是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。 他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库罗斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及幼里匹蒂斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。
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中文名：威廉·莎士比亚
外文名：William Shakespeare
国籍：英国
出生地：英格兰沃里克郡斯特拉福镇
逝世日期：日
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职业：剧作家，诗人，演员
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Oedipus at Colonus
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Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Sophocles's Oedipus at Colonus. Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.
Brief Biography of Sophocles
Considered one of the three greatest playwrights of classical Greek theater, Sophocles was a friend of Pericles and Herodotus, and a respected citizen who held political and military offices in fifth-century B.C.E. Athens. He won fame by defeating the playwright Aeschylus for a prize in tragic drama at Athens in 468 B.C.E. Only seven of his complete plays have survived to reach the modern era, but he wrote more than 100 and won first prize in 24 contests. Best known are his three Theban plays, , , and Oedipus at Colonus. Sophocles's other complete surviving works are Ajax, Electra, Philoctetes, and Trachinian Women. He is credited with changing Greek drama by adding a third actor, reducing the role of the chorus, and paying greater attention to character development.
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Historical Context of Oedipus at Colonus
Sophocles completed Oedipus at Colonus and passed away in 405–406 B.C.E., just before the utter defeat of Athens by Sparta at the end of the Pelopponesian War. The defeat led to the replacement of Athenian democracy by a harsh, Spartan-controlled dictatorship known as the Thirty Tyrants. When Oedipus at Colonus was first performed, four years later, at the festival of Dionysus in 401 B.C.E., the Athenian audience may have watched the play's celebration of the glory of Athens through misty eyes. Theseus, in the play, is the mythical founder and reformer of the Athenian state, and Oedipus, through his death, offers the city protection. The audience would have been painfully aware that Athens's golden period had just ended.
Other Books Related to Oedipus at Colonus
Of Sophocles's surviving dramatic works, , , and Oedipus at Colonus treat different episodes of the same legend, using many of the same characters. Sophocles's writing career overlapped with that of Aeschylus and Euripedes, the other great tragic playwrights of fifth-century Athens. Among Aeschylus's best-known tragedies are Seven Against Thebes, , , and . Euripedes's most influential works include , Electra, and The Bacchae.
Key Facts about Oedipus at Colonus
Oedipus at Colonus
405–406 B.C.
Athens, Greece
Tragic drama
The sacred grove of the Furies at Colonus, outside of Athens
The death of Oedipus
Extra Credit for Oedipus at Colonus
Sophocles was born at Colonus, and lived his life in Athens during the city-state's golden years. In Oedipus at Colonus, his final play, he has adapted the Oedipus legend to intersect with Athens' origins and provide a mythical foundation for Athens' glory. Sadly, Athens fell from power just a few years after Sophocles's death.
Lichtenstein, Jesse. "Oedipus at Colonus." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 22 Jul 2013. Web. 21 Jun 2018.
Lichtenstein, Jesse. &Oedipus at Colonus.& LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 22 Jul 2013. Web. 21 Jun 2018.
Lichtenstein, Jesse. "Oedipus at Colonus." LitCharts LLC, July 22, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2018. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/oedipus-at-colonus.
Lichtenstein, Jesse. &Oedipus at Colonus.& LitCharts LLC, July 22, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2018. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/oedipus-at-colonus.
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